Deductions

Child and Dependent Care Expenses

You may qualify to claim this deduction if: 

• You were eligible to claim a credit for child and dependent care expenses on your federal income tax return. 

How much is the deduction? 

The amount of the deduction is equal to the amount of child and dependent care expenses used to calculate the federal credit (not the federal credit amount). The maximum amount of deduction allowed is based on how many dependents you have: 

• $3,000 for one dependent 
• $6,000 for two or more dependents 

Watch out for common mistakes! 

Many people deduct the amount of their federal credit on their Virginia return. As a result, they don’t claim the full amount of deduction they’re eligible for, so pay more tax than they should. Remember, the amount of the deduction is the same amount used to calculate the federal credit, not the federal credit amount.  

Foster Care Deduction

Foster parents may claim a deduction of $1,000 for each child residing in their home under permanent foster care, as defined in the Code of Virginia, provided that they claim the foster child as a dependent on their federal and Virginia income tax returns.

Bone Marrow Screening Fee

Enter the amount of the fee paid for an initial screening to become a possible bone marrow donor, provided you were not reimbursed for the fee and did not claim a deduction for the fee on your federal return.

Virginia College Savings Plan Prepaid Tuition Contract Payments and College Savings Trust Account Contributions

If you are under age 70 on or before Dec. 31 of the taxable year, enter the lesser of $4,000 or the amount contributed during the taxable year to each Virginia529 account (Virginia 529 prePAID, Virginia 529 inVEST, College America, CollegeWealth). If you contributed more than $4,000 per account during the taxable year, you may carry forward any undeducted amounts until the contribution has been fully deducted. However, if you are age 70 or older on or before Dec. 31 of the taxable year, you may deduct the entire amount contributed during the taxable year. Only the owner of record for an account may claim a deduction for contributions made.

Continuing Teacher Education

A licensed primary or secondary school teacher may enter a deduction equal to 20% of unreimbursed tuition costs incurred to attend continuing teacher education courses that are required as a condition of employment, provided these expenses were not deducted from federal adjusted gross income.

Long-Term Health Care Premiums

Enter the amount of premiums paid for long-term health care insurance, provided you did not claim a deduction for long-term health care insurance premiums on your federal return. The Virginia deduction for long-term health care insurance premiums is completely disallowed if you claimed a federal income tax deduction of any amount for long-term health care insurance premiums paid during the taxable year.

Virginia Public School Construction Grants Program and Fund

Enter the amount of total contributions to the Virginia Public School Construction Grants Program and Fund, provided that you have not claimed a deduction for this amount on your federal income tax return.

Tobacco Quota Buyout

Allows a deduction from taxable income for payments received in the preceding year in accordance with the Tobacco Quota Buyout Program of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 to the extent included in federal adjusted gross income. For example, on your 2020 Virginia return you may deduct the portion of such payments received in 2019 that is included in your 2019 federal adjusted gross income; while payments received in 2020 may generate a deduction on your 2021 Virginia return. Individuals cannot claim a deduction for a payment that has been, or will be, subtracted by a corporation unless the subtraction is shown on a Schedule VK-1 you received from an S-corporation. If you chose to accept payment in installments, the gain from the installment received in the preceding year may be deducted. If, however, you opted to receive a single payment, 10% of the gain recognized for federal purposes in the year that the payment was received may be deducted in the following year and in each of the 9 succeeding taxable years.

Sales Tax Paid on Certain Energy Efficient Equipment or Appliances

Allows an income tax deduction for 20% of the sales tax paid on certain energy efficient equipment or appliances, up to $500 per year. If filing a joint return, you may deduct up to $1,000.

Organ and Tissue Donor Expenses 

Allows a deduction for unreimbursed expenses that are paid by a living organ and tissue donor that have not been taken as a medical deduction on the taxpayer's federal income tax return. The amount of the deduction is the lesser of $5,000 or the actual amount paid by the taxpayer. If filing a joint return, the deduction is limited to $10,000 or the actual amount paid.

Charitable Mileage

Enter the difference between 18 cents per mile and the charitable mileage deduction per mile allowed on federal Schedule A. If you used actual expenses for the charitable mileage deduction, and those expenses were less than 18 cents per mile, then you may use the difference between actual expenses and 18 cents per mile.

Virginia Bank Franchise Tax

A shareholder of a bank may be required to make certain adjustments to his or her federal adjusted gross income. Such adjustments are required only if the shareholder invests in a bank that (1) is subject to the Virginia Bank Franchise Tax for state tax purposes (Va. Code § 58.1-1207) and (2) has elected to be taxed as a small business corporation (S corporation) for federal tax purposes. Complete the worksheet below to determine the amount of your adjustment.

Computation of Virginia Bank Franchise Tax Deduction

A shareholder of a bank may be required to make certain adjustments to his or her federal adjusted gross income. Complete the worksheet below to determine the amount of your adjustment.

1. If your allocable share of the income or gain of the bank was included in federal adjusted gross income, enter the amount here _____________________
2. If your allocable share of the losses or deductions of the bank was included in federal adjusted gross income, enter the amount here. _____________________
3. Enter the value of any distributions paid or distributed to you by the bank to the extent that such distributions were excluded from federal adjusted gross income. _____________________
4. Add line b and Line c. _____________________
5. Subtract line d from line a. This is your net deduction amount. If this amount is negative you must enter the amount on Schedule ADJ, line 8a and fill in the box marked "LOSS". _____________________

Income from Dealer Disposition of Property

Allows an adjustment for certain income from dealer dispositions of property made on or after Jan. 1, 2009. In the year of disposition the adjustment will be a subtraction for gain attributable to installment payments to be made in future taxable years provided that (i) the gain arises from an installment sale for which federal law does not permit the dealer to elect installment reporting of income, and (ii) the dealer elects installment treatment of the income for Virginia purposes on or before the due date prescribed by law for filing the taxpayer's income tax return. In subsequent taxable years the adjustment will be an addition for gain attributable to any payments made during the taxable year with respect to the disposition. In the years following the year of disposition, the taxpayer would be required to add back the amount that would have been reported under the installment method. Each disposition must be tracked separately for purposes of this adjustment.

Prepaid Funeral, Medical, and Dental Insurance Premiums

You may be allowed a deduction of payments for (i) a prepaid funeral insurance policy that covers you or (ii) medical or dental insurance premiums for any person for whom you may claim a deduction for such premiums under federal income tax laws. To qualify for this deduction, you must be age 66 or older with earned income of at least $20,000 for the taxable year and federal adjusted gross income not in excess of $30,000 for the taxable year. The deduction is not allowed for any portion of premiums for which you have been reimbursed, have claimed a deduction for federal income tax purposes, have claimed another Virginia income tax deduction or subtraction, or have claimed a federal income tax credit or any Virginia income tax credit.

ABLEnow Account Contributions

Effective for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2016, you may claim a deduction for the amount contributed during the taxable year to an ABLEnow account entered into with the Virginia College Savings Plan. No deduction is allowed if such contributions are deducted on the contributor’s federal income tax return. If the contribution to an ABLEnow account exceeds $2,000 the remainder may be carried forward and subtracted in future taxable years until the amount has been fully deducted; however, in no event shall the amount deducted in any taxable year exceed $2,000 per ABLEnow account. Deductions are subject to recapture in the taxable year or years in which distributions or refunds are made for any reason other than (i) to pay qualified disability expenses; or (ii) the beneficiary’s death. A contributor who is 70 or older is allowed a deduction for the full amount contributed to an ABLEnow account, less any amounts previously deducted.

Disallowed Business Interest

If you were not allowed to deduct business interest on your federal income tax return due to §163(j) of the Internal Revenue Code, you may be able to subtract 30% of it on your Virginia income tax return. Beginning with your 2024 individual income taxes (returns due in 2025), the percentage you can deduct on your Virginia return will increase to 50%.

Eligible Educators 

You may qualify to claim this deduction if: 

• You served at least 900 hours in a Virginia public or private primary or secondary school as a 
  • Virginia licensed teacher 
  • Instructor 
  • Student counselor 
  • Special needs personnel 
  • Student aide 
• You paid for one or more of the following: 
  • Professional development courses 
  • Qualifying items used directly in the service of your students, including 
    • Books 
    • Supplies 
    • Computer equipment and software 
    • Other educational equipment 
    • Supplementary materials 
• You were not reimbursed for these expenses 
• You did not claim a deduction for these expenses on your federal income tax return 

How much is the deduction? 

• The amount of the expenses paid, up to $500. 

Enclose an explanation for other deductions.